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Arun Kumar Sharma1, Vinay Sharma*2, Jyoti Saxena1
1Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India
2Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bipin Tripathi Kumaon Institute of Technology, Dwarahat, Uttrakhand, India
*Corresponding Author:
Prof. Vinay Sharma
Department of Biochemical Engineering,
Bipin Tripathi Kumaon Institute of Technology, Dwarahat, Uttrakhand, India
Abstract
Objective: Among 4000 known enzymes, 200 are in commercial use. Among all commercial enzymes, 150 industrial enzymes (including lipases) catalyze hydrolysis of their substrate therefore they are hydrolytic in action. Methods: Lipases are the third largest group of industrial enzyme comes after amylases and proteases. Based on origin, lipases can be classified into three classes: animal, plant and microbial. Microbial lipases are mostly applied lipases due to their stability and chemical properties. Microbial lipases are secreted by numerous bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes and moulds. Microbial lipases might be extracellular, intracellular and membrane bound. Extracellular secretion of lipases has been well documented for a variety of fungi and bacteria. Microbial lipases not only catalyze hydrolytic reactions but also reverse reaction (esterification) and transesterification, therefore demand of lipases are increasing day by day in various industries such as pharmaceutical, dairy, detergents, textile, fat, medical, cosmetic and food. Lipolytic microorganisms have been isolated from different habitats such as edible oil extraction factories, diesel and edible oil contaminated soil, industrial wastes, dairies, etc. Conclusion: In the present time, the biotechnological industries are more concentrating towards microbial lipases. To fulfill the current industrial demand of lipases, we have to identify and isolate the novel microbial sources of lipase. Therefore, the present review is focused on lipolytic microorganisms and their habitat.
Keywords: Lipase, fungi, bacteria, extracellular, hydrolysis
